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在線分析儀的工作(zuo)原理(li)

    在(zai)線分析(xi)儀的(de)工作(zuo)原理，根據測定物(wu)理量(liang)的(de)不同(tong)在(zai)線分析(xi)儀的(de)工作(zuo)原理可大致將其分為電位分析(xi)法、電流分析(xi)法、電導分析(xi)法，本(ben)文就來講(jiang)(jiang)講(jiang)(jiang)這幾種分析(xi)法。

• 電位分析法

電(dian)位(wei)分析法(fa)是在零電(dian)流條件下測定兩電(dian)極間的電(dian)位(wei)差，即(ji)電(dian)池的電(dian)動勢。其工作原(yuan)理可用Nernst方程式描述(shu)。采(cai)用(yong)電位分析法(fa)的在線儀器有PH計pNa計，其他采用離子(zi)選擇性電(dian)極的儀器等。

• 電導(dao)分析法(fa)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是測定兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間溶液的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率)，其(qi)工作原理可用歐姆(mu)定律(lv)描(miao)述(shu)。采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的在(zai)線(xian)儀(yi)器主要是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率儀(yi)，包括按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率儀(yi)用途命名的各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)鹽(yan)量(liang)計，酸堿濃度計等。有些書中將這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)歸類(lei)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，但多數劃入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，因其(qi)測定的溶液是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液，依靠離子(zi)的運功傳導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上也(ye)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)轉移，所以稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)更合理一(yi)(yi)些。

• 電流分析法

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)測定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)反(fan)應(ying)過(guo)程中(zhong)兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極間(jian)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)變化量，所謂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)反(fan)應(ying)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子轉移的(de)反(fan)應(ying)，亦即(ji)氧(yang)化還原(yuan)反(fan)應(ying)。其工作(zuo)原(yuan)理可(ke)用法(fa)(fa)拉第電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)定(ding)律(lv)描述。這里所說的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)與實驗室(shi)險室(shi)分析(xi)中(zhong)的(de)庫侖分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)和伏(fu)安(an)(an)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)有(you)某些(xie)相似，但不*相同。庫侖分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)測定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)過(guo)程中(zhong)消耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)積分得(de)到的(de)，可(ke)直接進行(xing)定(ding)量分析(xi)。伏(fu)安(an)(an)分析(xi)法(fa)(fa)測定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)-電壓之(zhi)間的關系曲線，可同時進行定量和(he)定性(xing)分析。

庫(ku)侖(lun)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)和伏安分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)化學電池是電解池。而(er)在線分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)中的(de)電流分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)

化學電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有(you)原電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)解池(chi)(chi)兩類。